李雅普诺夫：逐梦唯美天空的俄罗斯数学家

 李雅普诺夫是圣彼得堡数学学派的中流砥柱，创立了运动稳定性理论、旋转液团平衡形状理论和微分方程定性理论，探索了概率论中心极限定理和一系列其他深刻数学力学问题，为俄罗斯跻身世界科技强国做出了卓越贡献。通过采撷李雅普诺夫的动人爱情诗篇和唯美科学奋斗目标，展示了其美丽的爱情观和追求卓越的科学精神、人生观和宇宙观。     

应用性追求:中国高等教育人才培养的 长时段历史考察

中国应用型人才培养的实践并非新近的事情。从长时段历史考察,中国共产党与中华人民共和国对于应用型人才的培养探索甚至渊源于150年前的近代转型传统。与主张“君子不器”的传统高等教育不同,近现代意义上的制度化高等教育自引入中国之日起,就一直肩负着国家层面赋予的应用型人才培养任务,甚至并未因社会制度变革而中断。晚清时期,朝廷与精英基于“师夷长技以制夷”兴办了一批具有专科性质的学堂;南京国民政府基于毕业生失业严重以及“高等教育破产”的争议,着眼于调整高等教育结构;中华人民共和国成立初期,基于“专门人才”急需而实施院系调整与专业细分;改革开放以来,基于就业制度市场化变革与高等教育分类发展需要而作出院校转型的决策部署。这些政策及措施意味着高等教育承载着国家(政府)的意志和期待、民族(社会)的渴望和要求。在中国高等教育后续发展中,应注意高等教育的理想类型与现实复杂性之间的问题,努力在创新知识生产模式中推动应用型高等教育的内涵式发展。     

Observations of water-flea Daphnia magna and avian fecalia in rock pools: is traditional natural history reporting still relevant for science?

Unexpected observation of freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna in temporary rock pools on a small island off the Norwegian Atlantic coast confirms colonising ability, mediated through avian dispersal. Robust diapausal eggs of D. magna pass the gut of migrating geese and subsequently hatch in environments where such waterfowl forage and rest along migrating routes. The incubation experiment demonstrates that decomposing fecalia of geese constitute sufficient feed to support developing populations of D. magna in experimental oligotrophic conditions. The findings also show that D. magna is highly adapted for colonisation of temporary pools north of the Arctic Polar Circle, with excellent tolerance to low temperatures. Discussion part I relates the findings to published evidence on avian transport of invertebrate propagules, such as correlations between migration patterns of waterfowl and geographical patterns of aquatic invertebrate diversity. Discussion part II reflects on academic cultures, epistemological aspects of natural history reporting, the presence of a whale cadaver as an ecological indicator and the relevance of simple observation as a starting point for further discourse.     

不同频域地震动下混合被动控制体系的减隔震效果

以高层框架结构为对象,提出一种结合分段隔震和相邻建筑物连接阻尼器耗能的新型混合被动控制体系,能有效应对宽频地面运动,具有较高的鲁棒性和冗余度.通过对同一高层建筑结构分别采用无隔震形式、分段隔震形式和混合被动控制形式进行数值模拟,考察短周期波、含滑冲效应脉冲波和长周期波作用下分段隔震体系和混合被动控制体系的减隔震效果.研究表明,短周期波作用下分段隔震体系控制效果较好,但在含滑冲效应脉冲波和长周期波作用下分段隔震效果不佳,基础隔震层和中间隔震层的位移较大,存在超出支座位移限值的可能,而采用混合被动控制体系能有效减小隔震层的位移,显著提高结构减隔震效果,且当中间隔震层设置在结构中部时混合被动控制体系的减隔震效果较好.     

From aether impulse to QED: Sommerfeld and the Bremsstrahlen theory

The radiation that is due to the braking of charged particles has been in the focus of theoretical physics since the discovery of X-rays by the end of the 19th century. The impact of cathode rays in the anti-cathode of an X-ray tube that resulted in the production of X-rays led to the view that X-rays are aether impulses spreading from the site of the impact. In 1909, Arnold Sommerfeld calculated from Maxwell׳s equations the angular distribution of electromagnetic radiation due to the braking of electrons. He thereby coined the notion of “Bremsstrahlen.” In 1923, Hendrik A. Kramers provided a quantum theoretical explanation of this process by means of Bohr׳s correspondence principle. With the advent of quantum mechanics the theory of bremsstrahlung became a target of opportunity for theorists like Yoshikatsu Sugiura, Robert Oppenheimer, and–again–Sommerfeld, who presented in 1931 a comprehensive treatise on this subject. Throughout the 1930s, Sommerfeld׳s disciples in Munich and elsewhere extended and improved the bremsstrahlen theory. Hans Bethe and Walter Heitler, in particular, in 1934 presented a theory that was later regarded as “the most important achievement of QED in the 1930s” (Freeman Dyson). From a historical perspective the bremsstrahlen problem may be regarded as a probe for the evolution of theories in response to revolutionary changes in the underlying principles.     

A Layer-Stripping Method for 3D Near-Surface Velocity Model Building Using Seismic First-Arrival Times

In order to improve the efficiency of 3D near-surface velocity model building, we develop a layer-stripping method using seismic first-arrival times. The velocity model within a Common Mid-Point (CMP) ...     

基于老厂房改造的景观规划设计

随着城市化高速发展，老厂房再利用的问题日益急迫.上海是中国近代工业起源地,也是率先着手对彰显城市文脉的工业遗产进行调查和保护的历史文化名城.本文以上海典型案例入手，分析了具有代表性的老厂房改造的项目特点，并在此基础上，对常州大成三厂这一民国时期的纺织业遗留地块进行改造设计手法进行介绍，从设计理念、设计内容和节点设计3个方面，体现了文化传承和生态技术相融合理念.     

Focal Mechanism and Rupture Process of the 2012 Mw 7.0 Santa Isabel,Mexico Earthquake Inverted by Teleseismic Data

The point source parameters of the April 12, 2012 Mw 7.0 Santa Isabel, Mexico, earth-quake indicated by teleseismic P and SH waveforms obtained by a means of traditional cut and paste (CAP) method show...